Modes of transportation and their advantages and disadvantages pdf

Advantages and disadvantages of different transport systems are described below and subsequently summarized in table 2. Safety: Transportation by the means of railway ensures safety for the desired goods because unlike the road transports a train only stops at a desired station instead of the will of the driver. Advantages and disadvantages of anchoring systems. Can be used in island mode (all ships do this) good All trademarks provided are the property of their overview of the range of mode choices available to survey researchers and their advantages and disadvantages with respect to a range of criteria, including their impact on data quality (so-called ‘mode effects’). Air transport provides comfortable, efficient and quick transport services. While there are numerous advantages associated with public participation in planning and decision-making processes, there are also disadvantages (MfE 1999; PWCNT 2002). 5: The student knows the modes of transportation used to move people, products, and ideas from place to place, thei… PDF | Nowadays, the transaction of goods assumes a great importance on the daily life of both individual and collective entities. Advantages of rail transport. In a PowerPoint presentation summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each mode of transportation. 1. There are a number of different modes of transportation in the logistics industry, each having its own merits and disadvantages. It is the fastest mode of transport. Supply through pipelines is very reliable. TinyDreams - English Fairy Tales & Kids Stories 1,980,082 views Advantages : 1. Rapid transit is an important form of mass Advantages and Disadvantages of eLearning Management System order to determine and solve problems (Ferraiolo, 1992). It is quick and more regular form of transport It helps in the industrialization process of the country Each transportation mode has key operational and commercial advantages and properties. It require less time. Failure of monsoon results into fall in the water level of rivers making navigation difficult. All turbines are equipped with protective features to avoid damage at high wind speeds, by feathering the blades into the winds which ceases their rotation, supplemented by brakes. Communication problems are often symptoms of more deeply rooted problems. As I just wrote at the first paragraph, the road transportation is significant to the activity that provide for the movement of goods. 3 Utilization and khaul bac Many carbon analyzers base calculations on only transport mode and shipping dis-tance. The following are some of the advantages of air transport. Moreover, the investments are specific and immobile. Climatic conditions have no effect No traffic or congestion easy movement of the vehicle. This system is made up of five primary areas of transportation, which are: - Motor vehicles - Railroad transportation - Air transportation - Water transportation - Pipelines Each of these Transportation plays an important part in the trade and commerce. Depending on the destination, there is a myriad of vehicles that are suited to travel to various places. Modes of Transportation- Railways Transportation It is a means of transport in which the goods are transferred from one place to another place and as well as transfers the passenger from one place to another destination. Different modes of transportation have emerged over time, basically there are five (5) modes of transportation which are listed below. Also, while traffic signals can help reduce angle accidents, other types of accidents, especially the rear-end type usually increase with a traffic signal. It is not as easily influenced by weather conditions like other modes of transportation. Within this section a variety of teaching methodologies will be explored and their various advantages and disadvantages outlined. In Asia, for example, many millions use trains as regular transport in India, China, South Korea and Japan. Disadvantages. As it can be imagined efficient and economically successful distribution network is partly dependent on cost efficiency of transportation management. American Military University Transportation modes can be broadly categorized into four modes namely; water/sea, air, road, and rail. Mass transit system refers to public shared transportation, such as trains, buses, ferries etc that can commute a larger number of passengers from origin to destination on a no-reserved basis and in lesser time. Advantages and Disadvantages of road transport Advantages: 1. Explain briefly the advantages and disadvantages of road transport. You can always count on rail, and that is one of the biggest advantages for choosing it as a freight option. Figure 1 Typical RISC Architecture based Machine - Instruction phase overlapping Definition of RISCiii 5. Each of these entry vehicles has its own particular set of advantages and disadvantages. The Advantages of Marine Transportation in Canada Marine transportation is a superior distribution method for bulk goods and cargo because of the numerous economical advantages, beneficial environmental factors and the possibility of future development. Others use public transportation to save on the costs of fuel and car maintenance associated with private transportation. It also allows you to have greater control over sales and to interact directly with your clients. Disadvantages: The railway requires a large investment of capital. The advantages and disadvantages of entrepreneurship attempt to balance the risk of a new idea with the rewards that happen if it takes off. Public participation can be time-consuming and sometimes expensive. 10. ADVANTAGES OF COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN AN ORGANIZATION Speeds the sending of information : Communication technology tools like electronic mail and text messaging systems, speed up the sending of information with in and out side of the organization. It is not affected by extremely large or small values. In addition, Hyperloop could make the world much smaller for people of lower incomes. You have a greater degree of control over all aspects of the transaction. 2. Some downfalls to intermodal freight transportation involve the high costs that are associated with moving freight by using several types of modes of transportation. Read More: Advantages and Disadvantages of Wind Enegry-pros and cons of wind energy. and transit costs, and the advantages and disadvantages of bus and rail transit. They transport passengers and goods, often in vehicles called cable cars. Fewer idles and waiting periods. There are six primary ways to enter a foreign market. Advantages and disadvantages of Different modes of transport. Besides the costs, the urgency of the shipment, the value of the goods being shipped as well as the size and weight of the goods need to be evaluated when determining the mode of transport. The main advantages of containerization are: Standardization. Dependable. For transporting easily perishable commodities like fruits and flowers air transport is the best mode. 3. Describe the advantages and disadvantages. Intermodal transportation may be more efficient and cheaper; in some cases, however, it does have pronounced disadvantages in terms of speed and reliability. People spend too much time on the internet and watching television. Each mode of entry has its advantages and disadvantages. 2. Information from the Ohio Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices Intermodal Freight Transportation WILLIAM DEWITT, University of Maryland JENNIFER CLINGER, Louis Berger Group, Inc. This provides a beneficial mode of transportation to help get your cargo to its desired destination. Advantages and Disadvantages of Modern Communication and the Effect if these Modern communication failed. Types of Transportation. Transportation Unit Benchmark SS. It is the job of the traffic engineer to determine when the advantages will outweigh the disadvantages. There may be delays at locks and docks, while navigation may be impeded majorly due to poor weather conditions. High flexibility in terms of transport jobs and changed plans. From road, railway, marine, and air transportation, the method that you select depends on a few factors. Relatively low transport times for Make sure your pupils know how to get where they want to go! Learners can practice their Spanish vocabulary by completing these worksheets, which focus on modes of transportation and some grammar phrases for expressing going from one It is important that teachers learn to use a variety of teaching methodologies in order to cater for the range of learning needs and requirements that are present within most class environments. Advantages and Drawbacks of Containerization. 2 - A comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of transport modes Watch the videos below and see how combining different modes of transport enables companies to deliver their goods in a more environmentally friendly way. Businesses have to decide how best to move their goods to get them to the customer and the factors they need to take into account are cost, convenience, reliability and pollution. Each mode offers advantages and disadvantages on key transportation features that include: Product Options. the same vehicle can be used for different deliveries. Frequency of delivering the goods over long distances is more. The destination points and the demand per period at each. com 2The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, alexei_syrbu@yahoo. It leads to individualism. Running Head: THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TRANSPORTATION 1 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Transportation Ontario Washington Sr. Many of the techniques in this guide can be used to evaluate other modes, such as ridesharing, cycling and walking. no rigid timetables 3. MEANING AND IMPORTANCE. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The transport of a person or of cargo may involve one mode or several of the modes, with the latter case being called intermodal or multimodal transport. In this lesson, you'll learn about some of the most common forms of Another disadvantage of modern transportation in the cost associated with maintenance. For example, cargo may be offloaded from a ship onto a truck, which transfers it to a railyard, from which it will be moved across the country by train. Following are the advantages of air transport. However, contemporary demand is influenced by integrated transportation systems that require flexibility in the respective use of each mode. Global transportation costs have led to several changes in the economy rapidly. It is a convenient mode of transport for traveling long distances. Oceans cover most of the landmass of our planet because of which they provide people with a easy mode of transportation. In line with this development, a certain survey was conducted to determine the advantages and disadvantages of eLearning system. However, not all modes are created equal. Advantage: Intermodal trucking reduces long-haul driver capacity requirements Transporting containers by rail over long distances reduces the costs and resources needed when compared to road-transport. com Another advantage of air transportation is that it has got no physical barrier which is the case with road and rail transportation where their reach is limited due to geographical limitations. disadvantages of modern technology Increased Loneliness Social Isolation is on the increase, people are spending more time playing video games, learning how to use new modern technologies, using social networks and they neglect their real life. 1 exporting Modes. During the industrial age, ocean freight was the only means of transportation used by the industrialized countries such as England and France. Disadvantages of Communication. Because CISC and RISC have their advantages and disadvantages, modern processors take features from both classes. two or more modes of transportation • Two types of intermodalism: –Bulk –Unitized • Growth of unitized intermodal shipments has been a spectacular trend in transportation • Domestic and internationally standardized designs for containers b. Their transportation within Europe relies mainly on road transport. Reduction in cost of transportation is very significant. Transportation is a necessity for both people and freight, and in both cases there are advantages and disadvantages. Increasing the quantity and quality of qualitative research in transportation requires two things, an increase in the acceptance and appreciation of these techniques, and an increase in training in their use among travel behaviour researchers. Relatively low transport times for The conventional idea of romance may seem too ordinary to many people so they make up their mind to open new horizons. Air transport Water transport Land transport Rail tr view the full answer Advantages and Disadvantages of Using CT Scan Water birth pros and cons Lorecentral. “Starting a company extracts so much energy and conviction that not having a clear-cut goal and meaningful mission can hamper your success,” said Sami Inkinen, co-founder of Virta Health. PDF was developed by the team of Adobe Systems. This article describes about median, mode, and also the guidelines for selecting the appropriate measure of central tendency. The cost of construction, maintenance and overhead expenses are very high as compared to other modes of transport. The 21st century will see a renewed focus on intermodal freight transportation driven by the changing requirements of global supply chains. . Tab. Given below are the advantages and disadvantages of water transport – Advantages and disadvantages of the different modes of transport Advantages of Cable Transport Disadvantages It facilitates long distance travel and transport of bulky goods. Advantages •Allows for sharing of risk (both financial and political) •Provides opportunity to learn new environment •Provides opportunity to achieve synergy by combining strengths of partners •May be the only way to enter market given barriers to entry Disadvantages •Requires more investment •Share rewards and risks Adhesive and mechanical anchoring systems have their advantages and disadvantages as shown in the table below. It operates on a natural track and hence does not require huge capital investment in the construction and maintenance of its track except in case of canals. Exporting modes –– low entry cost –– low profitability of the transactions –– low financial risk –– full dependence on the –– entry Advantages of Drone Technology - List: Drones can Fly: Drones were usually land dwelling devices as their function are only limited on land navigation. Online dating not just provides you with sufficient information about attractive people you meet – it allows you to study foreign cultures and languages. Pros Cons Adhesive Higher strength/ displacement ratio Cannot be loaded until adhesive cures Can be used with reinforcing bar Sensitive to temperature and limited shelf life Advantages and disadvantages of PDF format. Model Answer. In our analysis, we will take into account additional factors, including vehicle To use the transportation model, we need to know the following: 1. Transportation of goods and passengers on rail lines through trains is called rail transport. Goods can be moved from the factories Pros and cons of different market entry modes – a study of Finnish companies entering the South Korean market Anna Långbacka Master’s Thesis Water transport refers to the transport of people and goods by water which can be rivers, canals, and seas through various medium of transport like ships, boats, and vessels. It can also be termed as Public Transport. Each of the transportation modes (air, inland Apart from the mean, median and mode are the two commonly used measures of central tendency. pipelines, rail lines, waterways and at transshipment sites. Rail transportation is capable of high levels of passenger and cargo utilization and energy efficiency, but is often less flexible and more capital-intensive than highway transportation is, when lower traffic levels are considered. The median is sometimes referred to as a measure of location as it tells us where the data are. ADVANTAGES : • CHEAP AND FLEXIBLE 1. Rails use steam, diesel or electric power to move. , are the means of road transport. The main reason for the rising cost is the rise in oil Supply chain managers are spoiled for choice when it comes to moving goods around. Explain the various means of financing export and import activities. Disadvantages: In spite of various merits, road/motor has some serious limitations: 1. Currently, people have the liberty to reside and work anywhere due to the recent advancements in the modes of commuting and communication. Each mode has its own advantages and disadvantages, and will be chosen for a trip on the basis of cost, capability, and route. It occupies an important place in land transport system of our country and is the most dependable mode of transport to carry goods and passengers over a long distance. Explain why and how companies use exporting, importing, and countertrade. For example, you can go by land if there are roads and highways available; or maybe by air if the distance is too long; or even by water if you live on an island. As I said before there are some advantages and disadvantages of communication. For example, the PowerPC, which follows the RISC philosophy, has quite a few complex instructions. The three main characteristics of water transport are that it is slow, that it can carry large loads, and that it is relatively cheap. Rail: Advantages: Ability of loading and unloading goods and services is more. As a result, socialization with friends, family and neighbors is affected. EXPLICIT TEACHING Below i have listed both the advantages and disadvantages of communication technology. The path is always free. used for the transportation of goods over short distances. Developers set the goal to create a format that can be displayed and opened the same on any device. com ABSTRACT : The current management is not possible without strategic thinking. Start studying Pros and Cons of Transportation Modes. Modes of transport or types of transportation referto a combination of networks, infrastructures, vehicles and operations. Global transportation Sample essay. Many transport companies provide scheduled delivery days and next day delivery services, depending upon your needs. Basically, 30 respondents were asked pertaining to the said system and 30% Download Jamb Syllabus for Geography 2020 PDF. routes can be changed at the very last moment 4. The hypothetical trip from Los Angeles to San Francisco is a mere twenty dollars, The five most common modes of international-market entry are exporting, licensing, partnering, acquisition, and greenfield venturing. Disadvantages of Water Transport This mode of transportation is very slow compared to road transport hence; it is unsuitable for perishable goods and urgent cargoes. More Risky: Water transport is more risky as compared to other means because there is always danger of sinking ships or boats. In many countries people tend to move overseas or move to a different part of their country after their retirement. Road transports are economical. Intermodal Transportation Advantages-Disadvantages. In marketing, it involves the movement of goods from the place of production to the place of consumption. General repair and maintenance, combined with the cost of insurance, fuel and oil, adds up quickly. This phase is associated with low risk. Some media contents are not suitable for children. Compare with other modes, weather also give important role and also give a big impact to the delivery process. High Speed. 1 CHAPTER 13 SELECTING AND MANAGING ENTRY MODES LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1. After the implementation of economic reforms, Govt. PDF is often associated with “paperless office” and used for printing and designing. To do it effectively, organisations have to build capacity and train staff. Each mode of travel has it own advantages and disadvantages. Huge Capital Outlay: The railway requires is large investment of capital. Following are the five modes of transport and their advantages and disadvantages. Modern ships can carry huge loads of cargo without using very much fuel per unit of cargo. It is the fastest mode of transport and therefore suitable for carriage of goods over a long distance. Import of raw materials from abroad, is usually preliminary to export of products abroad. Today, a flying drone is the new face of aerial technologies that are easily operated by any individual. The different modes of transportation such as road, railway, water, and air are combined depending on particular situations and the task, particularly to different continents. On the other hand, selection of proper transportation mode will definitely increase the Majerčák, Kudláč, Panák: Choosing the right Mode of transport in freight transport 80 for the realization of the transport itself. The first group of entry modes concerns the sphere of exchange and is dedicated to international trade, mainly by addressing export and import activities. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RAIL TRANSPORT. Trains do not offer the same flexibility, but they certainly have various other advantages. This presentation should consist of a minimum of 10 slides in APA format. Hence in times of natural calamities like earthquakes, floods it is the air transportation which comes to the rescue as other modes of transport like It is a slow means of transport. Therefore, decisions surrounding the transportation routes and mode of transport are foundational to the protection of the air, land and water resources of the region. Despite these and other benefits enjoyed by those who use their city’s public transportation system, there are a number of disadvantages to public transportation as well. 4. On rail, air or maritime transportation we see the need for other type of transportation to enable to get the people or cargo to the shipping port or station. Advantages and Disadvantages Associated with Transportation Modes In addition to the benefits and disadvantages of crude oil transport as a whole, each mode is associated with unique aspects that should be considered individually. While driving a car is a convenient, generally fast and often fun way of getting from one place to another, it also has several disadvantages when compared to other modes of transport, such as public 137 Market entry modes for international businesses Table 7. Their charges are based on charge what the traffic can bear principles which helps the poor. Advantages It is easy to understand and simple to calculate. The disadvantage of pipeline transportation are: (1) specific and strong, can only transport oil, natural gas and solid slurry (such as coal), but in the field it occupies, with a fixed and reliable market; (2) pipeline from input the magnitude of the amount of the highest traffic among small, so in the early field development, the use of As for this time, what I will be presented to is the overall introduction, characteristics, the advantages and disadvantages, about the road transportation. Lack of communication and idle time of equipment will increase transportation costs. org is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon. This feature is concerned with the number of different products that can realistically be shipped using a certain mode. has been following the policy of open skies and private airlines have been permitted to operate in the field of civil aviation. Environmental protection: Trains are considered one of the most energy-efficient means of transportation. door-to-door service. Meaning of transportation. It includes examples of transit evaluation, and provides extensive references. Besides long distance, Transport by Road. The average cost to maintain a personal vehicle is estimated to be close to $10,000 annually per household. These modes, which operate on fixed routes and with fixed schedules, incl ude bus, light rail transit, metro, regional rail and several other systems. The cable may be driven or passive, and items may be moved by pulling, sliding, sailing, or by drives within the object being moved on cableways. This freedom has allowed people to spend more time with their family as they can work from home. In fact, it is a national necessity. The transportation model is actually a class of the linear programming models Multimodal transportation is a means of transportation that delivers goods by incorporating several methods of transportation under one operator. Disadvantages: * Traffic accident injuries and deaths * Causing traffic * Pollution caused by vehicles * Space used for roads and cars * Cost of maintaining and repairing roads * Parking issues * Not very useful for short-distance travel * Many ro - 5 Modes of Transportation In order to have easy mobility of persons and goods, it is necessary to have a sophisticated and widespread transportation system. Kartha (2006) in support of this thought reported that the number of courses online Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages. The automobile rose to prominence during the 20th century and is now a staple of personal transportation. Each of the Marco Polo videos show how companies can reduce the use of road transport and therefore their effects on the environment by utilising other modes of freight transportation such as Feeder to other Modes of Transport: The movement of goods begins and ultimately ends by making use of roads. Start studying Marketing Advantages and Disadvantages of Transportation Modes. 1. Although railway transport has many advantages, it suffers from certain serious limitations: 1. Thus poor planning may be the causes of uncertainty about the direction of the firm. Their well-trained team of experts takes care of the cargo during the transportation procedure. B. It can be located just by inspection in ungrouped data and discrete frequency distri Modes of Transport for kids | Learn Transport Vehicles | Nursery Rhymes For Children - Duration: 4:07. Rail transport is a safe land transportation system when compared to other forms of transportation. Advantages of Horizontal Wind Turbine : i. Advantages. It has created some major advantages and disadvantages for the country. It is free from obstacles in road and rail transport. For example, road transport has capacity requirements in the form of long-haul drivers. As a result, modal competition exists at various degrees and takes several dimensions. However, not all modes are an option for all marketers. Likewise once it gets to where it’s going, there is usually a need for a different transportation mode to be available to get Advantages and Disadvantages of Ocean Freight. Dependability means the weather condition. What are the circumstances in which roadways are more suitable for transport of goods than other modes? Answer in business organization ModeEdit. It helps people around the world to understand each other and embrace their differences. There are generally no physical barriers to air transport. It is the most dependable mode of transport to carry goods and passengers over a long distance. If you don’t hesitate to make acquaintances on the Internet, some of ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN THE CURRENT ECONOMIC CONTEXT Svetlana, BRADU ŢAN 1 and Alexei, SÂRBU 2 1The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, bsvetlana13@yahoo. Here are some of the top advantages: Your potential profits are greater because you are eliminating intermediaries. Some people prefer to use energy-saving modes of transportation like hybrid cars and bicycles. This average increases from four to eight times in the case of an aircraft. Road and motor transport act as a feeder to the other modes of transport such as railways, ships and airways. Advantages & Disadvantages Of Communication Technology & Transportation. Transportation is a means of moving goods and people from one location to the other. Coming to the different types of transport which are usage generally are: 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of Road Transport Road transport is a very popular mode of transport used by suppliers and businesses to deliver orders. The mode of transportation is an important consideration when planning the shipment process. Traveling by car gives you the opportunity to stop whenever you want, stay over for the night and follow your own time schedule. All of these modes pose certain risks and each has certain advantages compared with the other modes. (c) Urban transit, mass transit or public transportation includes systems that are available for use by all persons who pay the es tablished fare. Now we will discuss disadvantages of communication. The Advantages of Railway Transport are as Follows: 1. The merits of road transport are given below: Advantages of Road Transport 1. Jamb Syllabus for Physics is 2020 is now available, candidates preparing for JAMB 2020 are advised to download the latest Jamb Syllabus 2020 in other to get prepared ahead of the forthcoming UTME Examination. It is cheapest and also one of the oldest modes of transport. Water transport is the cheapest and the oldest mode of transport. The Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) is responsible for maintenance of civil aerodromes. 2007). Intermodal freight transportation may be costly depending on the number of modes of transportation. Environmental conditions and government legislation will force Canada’s transportation 9 Food transportation issues and reducing carbon footprint 215 9. Think about the criteria a transportation manager might use when making strategic transportation decisions. Now let`s analyze the pros and cons of the format in more detail. We have covered different modes of transportation in class. 1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Modes of Internationalization Mode Characteristics Advantages Disadvantages A. Due to the various benefits, rail transport is a major form of public transport in many countries. To transport one passenger one kilometer, a car needs twice to five times the energy consumed by a train. 7. Discuss why they do so and what the outcome of this situation is. mode of transportation can take stress off our roads and airports by dispersing people around yet another medium of travel. They also monitor and establish co-ordination with the involved counteragents involved in the process. Seasonal Nature: Advantages and disadvantages of Median; Advantages and disadvantages of arithmetic mean; Advantages and disadvantages of Mode; Advantages and disadvantages of Geometric Mean; Advantages and disadvantages of Harmonic Mean; Chi - square Distribution; Conditional Probability Density Function Advantages of air transport. There are certain advantages and disadvantages of railway transport. The origin points and the capacity or supply per period at each. The disadvantage of pipeline transportation are: (1) specific and strong, can only transport oil, natural gas and solid slurry (such as coal), but in the field it occupies, with a fixed and reliable market; (2) pipeline from input the magnitude of the amount of the highest traffic among small, so in the early field development, the use of Rail transport is an energy-efficient and capital-intensive means of mechanised land transport and is a component of logistics. to acquire their education in while at the same time perusing their personal objectives as well as maintaining their own careers, with no need to attend be subjected to rigid schedule (Borstorff and Lowe. Most sea transportation is conducted in containers which vary in size. For The three modes of transportation conclusion we have. The cost of shipping one unit from each origin to each destination. This not only ensures reliable and safe delivery of the cargo but also helps the clients save time and money for cargo movement. appropriate and efficient transportation mode according to those criteria. Advantages: Disadvantages: location and experience economies. Provide specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. All of this is true because of the characteristics of these three modes of transportation. Global transportation has escalated the cost of the country. In addition, pipeline transportation also has one major advantage compare with others mode of transportation which is their dependability. Advantages and Disadvantages of Sea Transport Sea transportation is used by businesses for the delivery of goods from distant suppliers. Let’s check out the different means of transport there are. They are: exporting, turnkey projects, licensing, franchising, joint venture with a host country firm, and setting up a wholly-owned subsidiary in the host country. These include walking, the road transport system, rail, ship transport and modern aviation. Quick Service. Road Transport Bullock-carts, lorries, trucks, buses, etc. Standard transport product that can be handled anywhere in the world (ISO standard) through specialized modes (ships Cable transport is a broad class of transport modes that have cables. TRANSPORTATION – IMPORTANCE, MODES AND CHOICE OF TRANSPORT MODE. Table 1. Even if containerization conveys numerous advantages to freight distribution, it does not come without challenges. We shall discuss some of the advantages and disadvantages of Land transport which is further divided into road transport and rail transport