View the remote but beautiful ruins of Sasseruwa with its giant unfinished standing buddha statue. In the second century, it was the common standard that the scholars accepted. The name Avukana it is surmised had been derived for the colossal statue in Sri Lanka from the name of the Bamiyan region. Connected to the granite via a strip left at its back for support, the Avukana statue might have been the culmination of a competition between a guru (sculpting master) and his gola (pupil. Plan to see Avukana Buddha Statue and other attractions that appeal to you using our Kekirawa trip itinerary maker website. There you will find the Avukana (or Aukana) Buddha, a colossus statue near Kekirawa in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka. which could be considered the identity of the nation. The statue, which has a height of more than 40 feet (12 m), has been carved out of a large granite rock face during the 5th century. This is a wonderful masterpiece of art because the skillful carvings of the Lord Buddha’s robe and the face’s impassive expression give life to the spiritual supremacy of Lord Buddha. The statue, which has a height of more than 40 feet (12 m), was carved out of a large granite rock face during the 5th century. The Avukana statue is located in the village of Avukana near Kekirawa in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka. Maha parinirvana or the Great Departure of Siddhartha, Sambodhi or Enlightenment, Dharmachakra pravartana or the turning of the wheel of the Dharma or preaching the first sermon and The Great Extinction or Mahaparinirvana. Aukana Buddha Statue was built during the 5th century and since then has been Sri Lanka’s most revered religious relic. 5 meters (38′)  tall. The Avukana statue is a standing statue of the Buddha near Kekirawa in North Central Sri Lanka. It is an over 40 feet high Buddha statue carved out of a great granite rock face built during the reign of King Dhatusena (455 – 473 AD). Apr 23, Matugama: Sri Lankan President Maithripala Sirisena today unveiled South Asia's tallest standing Buddha statue in Matugama of Kalutara District in Western Province. contemporaneous with the giant rock-cut statues of Buduruwagla in the south of the island. E. Aukana Buddha statue in Kekirawa Aukana is the tallest Buddha statue in Sri Lanka, standing 12 metres tall. Bodhinagala Forest Hermitage A group of bhikkhus clad in saffron robes walked in single file, carrying their alms bowls, silently down the pathway, for the midday Dana under a dimly-lit forest canopy. Sri Lanka. Stop At: Avukana Buddha Statue | අවුකන බුද්ධ ප්‍රතිමාව, Avukana, Sri Lanka Aukana Buddha Statue in Asisa Mudra or the “posture of blessing” is carved out of a rock boulder. One of these is the Avukana Buddha, a 40-foot tall standing Buddha carved from sheer rock in the 5th century. #Anuradhapura #Buddha #Buddha_Statue #Buddhist #Gandhara_Style #Image_House #Sinhala #Sri_Lanka Sat, Apr 23, 2016, 09:42 pm SL Time, ColomboPage News Desk, Sri Lanka. Back view of the white marble statue of Big Buddha on blue sky background Avukana standing Buddha statue Avukana standing Buddha statue, Sri Lanka. The Avukana Buddha statue is almost 12 m high and is carved out from a granite cliff. It depicts a variation of the Abhaya mudra, and the closely worn robe is elaborately carved. Avukana Buddha statue is located in a village named Avukana. Sri Lanka, Kekirawa Aukana Buddha, Sri Lanka Buddha stone statue in park. The statue is carved in the round connected to the back to the rock boulder. Rome2rio makes travelling from Avukana Buddha statue to Dhanushkodi easy. Sri Lanka, North Central province, Kekirawa, Avukana temple, Buddha statue (abhaya-mudr position) in the 5th century carved directly into the granite hill 12 meters high The Sasseruwa Buddha, or Ras Veheranear, near Avukana, with a Buddhist monk and two men. 40 feet (12 m) high, has been carved out of a large granite rock in the 5th century. All structured data from the main, Property, Lexeme, and EntitySchema namespaces is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; text in the other namespaces is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. Avukana Buddha The Aukana ( which means "sun eating") Buddha Statue is a magnificent 5th Century masterpiece of rock carving. Aukana: The tallest Buddha statue in Sri Lanka. Avukana standing Buddha statue, Sri Lanka. Planning to visit Aukana Buddha Statue in Avukana, Sri Lanka? Book hotels near it to make your trip hassle-free. It is almost free-standing, being joined to the cliff by just a narrow piece of rock. Avukana Buddha Statue Situated west of the Kalaveva, it’s a massive statue of the Buddha carved out of rock. This Avukana Buddha statue is 46-feet high, resting on a fine lotus stone pedestal. The straight statue stands with its right hand in a rising posture while the left hand Find buddha statues stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. It is commonly believed that this statue was constructed in the The Avukana Buddha colossus in stone is also easily accessible through the Mahaweli System H, at Galnewa. The statue, which has a height of අවුකන බුදු රුවේ ඉතිහාසය. It is located at 30 km northwest of Dambulla close to Kala Wewa. In the 18th century the place was called Kalagal which in Pali would be Kalasela. , is more likely a work from the 8th or 9th century. The Avukana statue is virtually separate from the rock, but the Sasseruwa is more connected to the rock (high-relief). It is situated in the Anuradhapura District. Sri Lanka has donated a replica of Avukana Buddha statue to the Telangana state of India to install in a Buddhist theme park being built in the Indian state. Sri LanAvukana stone statue of Buddha. The statue is exactly positioned to face the Kala wewa reservoir. The jungle temple of Sasseruwa is spread over 1,400 acres on a rocky out crop. 36 meters. It is commonly believed that this statue was constructed sometime in the 5th century, during the reign of King Dhatusena. This is the position with the bared right shoulder and the edge of the robe shown on the left side of the body usually with the corner of the robe held together by the left The golden Buddha at the Dambulla Cave temple. This is a 2D model of the Avukana Buddha statue which can be used as a typical Anuradhapura era standing Buddha statue inside shrine rooms. , the above Maligawila Buddha figure stands 11. The over 40 feet tall statue was carved out of a massive granite rock face during the 5th century. The Aukana Buddha statue, though often attributed to King Dhatusena, who was the the builder of the Kalawewa in the 5th century C. The buddha’s body is straight and the left hand holds the robe at the left shoulder. C. Avukana Buddha statue. Explore cultural sites in Anuradhapura, including Sri Maha Bodhi and Thuparamaya. Not far from Avukana, just seven miles away as the crow flies, is another tall statue at Sasseruva. The statue, which has a height of more than 40 feet (12 m), has been carved out of a large granite Avukana Buddha statue, Bodh Gaya. Aukana Buddha Prathima (Statue), which was located in 30 km Northwest of Dambulla closer to ancient Kalawewa, is said to be the tallest standing Buddha Statue in Sri Lanka, with a height of 11. Thousands of new, high-quality pictures added every day. The right hand is raised above the right shoulder, with the palm facing left. It is arguably the most finely executed and best-preserved statue in the country. The body height equals the height of nine faces - this proportion was typically followed by sculptors in the area in the 8th century. A place called Kalasela the mentioned in the Culavamsa as containing an image for which King Dhatusena (455-73) had a diadem made. The statue, which has a height of more than 40 feet, has been carved out of a large granite rock face during the 5th century. It has been carved out of a large granite rock face, but is not completely separated. Concerning volume, the Aukana statue is actually the largest of the ancient Buddhist sculptures on the island, since the Buduruwagala Buddha is not as wide and as deep, and the bigger Rambodagalla Buddha is very new. The Avukana statue is considered to be one of the best examples of a standing statue of the Buddha from ancient Sri Lanka. The Avukana statue of Buddha carved out of granite, near Kekirawa in North Central Sri Lanka.  Unlike the Aukana Buddha it is free-standing and not attached to a rear rock face. This Buddha statue is known by two names one is Ras Vehera and the other Sesuruwa. The Avukana statue is a standing statue of the Buddha at the Avukana Ancient Rock Temple, near Kekirawa in North Central Sri Lanka. Avukana Buddha statue reflect the mixture of Gandhara and Amaravati school art. Select an option below to see step-by-step directions and to compare ticket prices and travel times in Rome2rio's travel planner. Constructed during the reign of King Dhatusena during the 5th century. So now, we have the original statue chiseled in stone by the master and the Avukana statue done by the Master’s pupil. Avukana Buddha Statue The Avukana Buddha Statue is a trademark of the technology ancient Sri Lanka had and one of the most popular artifacts in the country. Visit the famous perfectly sculpted Aukana Buddha Statue. Aukana Buddha statue that rise to a height off 11. Avukana Buddha Statue is a standing Buddha statue that is carved out of a large granite rock face. The Buddha statue at Avukana (Sinhala: අවුකන බුද්ධ ප්‍රතිමාව) also known as Avukana Pilimaya, is a remarkable rock carving of a standing Buddha. The height of the statue by itself is 38 feet and 10 inches. 00 Situated 30 km northwest of Dambulla close to ancient Kala Weva man-made rainwater reservoir, Avukana Statue is 11. The two statues are believed to have been the work of a ‘guru - gola’ (master and pupil) team. more less Improve this listing » Aukana Buddha Statue in Sri Lanka The sculpture in proportion. The statue is The Avukana statue is a standing statue of the Buddha near Kekirawa in North Central Sri Lanka. High This article has been rated as High-importance on the project's importance scale. Located about 175 kms away from Colombo in Avukana, near Kekirawa in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka, this statue is a masterpiece of man’s artistry and creative skill. Rome2rio is a door-to-door travel information and booking engine, helping you get to and from any location in the world. The statue, which has a height of more than 40 feet (12 m), has been carved out of a large granite rock face but is not completely separated. Avukana Buddha Statue The Buddha statues were created for the first time in the world by Gandhara and the chief priest of ancient Barath Lala. The Avukana Buddha Statue is one of the tallest statues of Sri Lanka. The village of Avukana or Aukana is one of those quaint areas in Sri Lanka that offers plenty of things to see and do. This statue measures approximately 40 feats. Among these the ‘Avukana’ statue commands a prominent position. ) Legend has it that the guru and his gola both created Buddha statues. Day 5: Kandy The Temple of the Tooth in Kandy. Get to know more about historical Sri Lanka with this tour. Thus, it is quite obvious that most things we hold dear and precious are in fact born out of many roots. The Avukana statue shows some influence of the Gandhara school of art, as well as the Amaravati school of art of India. The tallest Buddha statue in the world The magnificent free-standing statue carved out of a single rock is the tallest Buddha statue in existence today. The new statue at the Batamulla Kanda International Buddhist Centre was funded by Jagath Pinnagodawitana, a Matugama UNP organiser. Sirasapata is the symbol placed on the top of the Buddha images in Sri Lanka. The story of the construction of the statute somewhat goes like this- Once there was a competition of master and his pupil regarding time period to finish the sculpture- Avukaka and Sasseruwa statue. Drapery, the art of draping the statues in folds is prominent in the Aukana Avukana Buddha Statue, Sri Lanka An awesome day-trip from Colombo is a visit to the tallest Buddha statue in the country. With the pedestal included the height in total is an imposing 42 feet. The Avukana Buddha stands upright and depicts a variation of the Abhaya mudra. Depending on the vehicle you choose, you can also calculate the amount of CO2 emissions from your vehicle and assess the environment impact. Pilgrims visit the statue from all parts of the country and the Avukana statue has now become a popular tourist attraction in Sri Lanka. Some of the masterpieces of statues in Sri Lanka are Samadhi Statue, Avukana Buddha Statue etc. This 40 feet high Buddha statue carved out during 5th century in massive granite rock. Although the Avukana Buddha statue is the main attraction in the area, its surroundings are worth checking out. The face of the Aukana Buddha (30 August, 2005) The Aukana Buddha is 39 feet tall, 10 feet across the shoulders, and stands on a decorated lotus plinth. Media in category "Avukana Buddha Statue" The following 64 files are in this category, out of 64 total. It is commonly believed that this statue was constructed in the Aukana Buddha Statue, Colombo (must see) One of the most visited and elegant landmarks in the city is Aukana Buddha statue. This sculpture is carved according to the Abhaya Mudra, also known as the ‘gesture of fearle The 40feet (nearly) Buddha statue in the standing posture in the blessing posture is carved on a huge granite boulder , around 5th Century AD. Start This article has been rated as Start-Class on the project's quality scale. Sri Lanka, KekirawaFull height Avukana statue is standing statue of Buddha. The Avukana statue follows the typical highly stylised way of wearing the robe found in all Sri Lankan Buddha statues executed during the Anuradhapura period and thereafter. Oct 30, 2012- The Avukana statue is a standing statue of the Buddha near Kekirawa in North Central Sri Lanka. This statue in Abhaya mudrawa (අභය මුද්‍රාව), Constructed during the reign of Dhatusena. Kandy is famous for the Temple of the Tooth where a relic of the tooth of Buddha is said to be enshrined. Avukana Buddha Statue is perhaps the best example of a standing Buddha statues which are mostly found in South India. Located in the village of Aukana (close to Kekirawa), central Sri Lanka, the imposing statue dates back to the 5th century and is one of the best and most well preserved statues on the island. . The Avukana statue is a standing statue of the Buddha near Kekirawa in North Central Sri Carved out of a single block of granite and standing at an impressive 43 feet (13 metres), the Avukana Buddha statue is the epitome of fine stone craftsmanship. A monument of Lord Buddha that has been known as avukana standing statue is in north central province. Standing at just over 40 feet tall outside of Kekirawa in Sri Lanka, the Avukana Buddhist statue is carved into a granite rock face. It faces the Kekirawa reservoir, representing the Gandhara and the Amaravati school of art. Avukana standing Buddha statue under blue sky, Sri Lanka. These two masterpiece creations are one of the few remaining rock-cut Buddha statues in the world, after the Taliban destroyed the magnificent Bamiyan Buddha statues in Afghanistan, a few years ago. No words can describe this <---other than the words I just said. Note: Save some time to visit the gigantic Golden Buddha statue at the foot of the mountain as well. Avukana Buddha Statue is located in Kekirawa. This memorable tour takes you to see some of the historic highlights of Sri Lanka. it is almost free-standing , being joined to the cliff by just a narrow piece of rock. Triphobo now makes it easy to book accommodation located near Aukana Buddha Statue. Tickets & tours Private Day Tour: Anuradhapura and Avukana Buddha Statue from Dambulla Avukana statue is a standing statue of the Buddha. Avukana Buddha Statue is a great masterpiece of sculpture which explain the competence of artist in ancient Sri Lanka. It is the most important pilgrimage site in Avukana Buddha Statue, Sri Lanka. This statue is adored all over the island to such an extent, that several full scale copies have been erected in Colombo (opposite BMICH), Dondra, Ratnapura, and Trincomalee. The statue itself is a shade under 39-feet, but stands on a pedestal in the form of a lotus, bringing its total height to 42-feet. The symbolic gesture carved on the statue, called Mudra is in the form of Ashiva Mudra which signifies giving or blessing. As when the Bo sapling was planted there, the rays (halo) of Lord Buddha illuminated around the place. Înfățișează o variație a mudrei Abhaya, iar haina strânsă este foarte bine sculptată. Avukana Buddha Statue: Kekirawa, Sri Lanka. To find the map for the driving distance from Aukana Buddha Statue to Dambulla, please enter the source and destination and then select the driving mode. The famous Avukana statue, also built in the 5th century AD, is considered to be one of the best examples of Gandhara influence on Sri Lankan Buddha statues (with a pinch of Amarawati art!). It is said that Avukana statue and Sasseruwa, the similar kind of Buddha statues, were the result of a competition between a teacher and a pupil. Shop online for Gautama Buddha Wooden Statues. This popular tourist attraction features elaborate carvings and is one of the most notable standing Buddha statues in Sri Lanka. This page was last edited on 2 June 2019, at 02:45. The Avukana statue is a standing statue of the Buddha. Aukana Buddha (also written Avukana) is the tallest Buddha statue in Sri Lanka. Find all the transport options for your trip from Avukana Buddha statue to Dhanushkodi right here. 36 meters tall and is the tallest ancient Buddha statue in Sri Lanka, built in 5th Century. But it is observed that the statue is not completely carved out, a narrow strip of rock has been left at the back of the statue which serves as a support. Drapery. It bears a close resemblance to the Avukana statue, and depicts the same asisa mudra, a variation of the Abhaya mudra. To the side of the Ambasthale Dagoba is a flight of rock-carved steps leading to this large white sitting-Buddha statue. This elegant figure standing 12 meters in height situated adjacent to the spectacular Kala Wewa reservoir is a well proportioned statue of the Buddha in the posture of blessing. 8 metres (39 feet) tall, rising above a decorated lotus plinth (Padmasana), which is also cut from the rock. Believed to have been sculpted in the 600’s C. AVUKANA, SRI LANKA - APR 16: Avukana standing Buddha statue on Apr 16, 2013 in Avukana, Sri Lanka. The Maligawila Buddha statue is a standing figure of the Buddha in Sri Lanka, which has been carved out of a large limestone rock during the 7th century by a prince named Aggabodhi. There is an interesting tale behind the construction of the two statues. Aukana (Awkana) Buddha Statue. Avukana Buddha statue stands as the tallest Buddha statue in Sri Lanka. Bactrian Greek Buddhist artists had been very active in the 2nd or the 3rd centuries BC in the Bamiyan region in West Asia and the Buddha images silhouetted against the vast sandy valley bearing a calm and serene composure may have been an awe-inspiring vision for the travellers who passed by. Located close to Anuradhapura, the statue has a height of over 40 ft and was carved out of a huge granite rock. Talk:Avukana Buddha statue. Avukana Buddha Statue Kekirawa. It had been broken into several pieces by the time it was found in 1951. Standing 40 feet tall, the Avukana Buddha statue in North Central Sri Lanka was carved out of an expanse of granite rock some time during the 5th century. You have the option of choosing Explore Sri Lankan civilization, culture & tradition by visiting historical places in Sri Lanka with Sri Lanka Heritage Tours by JourneyScapes Travels. ശ്രീ ലങ്കയിലെ നോർത്ത് സെൻട്രൽ പ്രവിശ്യയിലെ കെകിരവ എന്ന Sri Lanka possesses several renowned and venerated statues and sculptures of Lord Buddha. The statue is carved on a huge granite stone but the statue is still attached to the principle rock using a thinner part of the rock and the statue is nearly 42feet in height. The Aukana statue is regarded as the tallest ancient rock sculpture found in the country. The Buddha was born in early human history as Siddhartha Gautama, in north India around 563 B. In ancient days, there is supposed to have been 99 drip ledge caves but only nine can be seen today. Aukana Buddha statue is the tallest ancient Buddha statue and situated near Kala Wewa in Dambulla. Statuia, care are o înălțime de peste 12 metri, a fost sculptată dintr-o rocă mare de granit în timpul secolului al V-lea. Avukana Buddha statue is one of attractions from ancient Sri Lanka. It was established in 1970, opposite the Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall, and pays tribute to the key figure of the Buddhism religion, which is depicted in a standing position giving a blessing. The Avukana Statue is a masterpiece built only by hand without using any machinery whatsoever, the temple which the Avukana statue is situated in is built on one […] Carved out of a single block of granite and standing at an impressive 43 feet (13 metres), the Avukana Buddha statue is the epitome of fine stone craftsmanship. The Avukana Statue is a majestic Buddha statue near Kekirawa in North Central Sri Lanka. File nella categoria "Avukana Buddha Statue" Questa categoria contiene 64 file, indicati di seguito, su un totale di 64. The Avukana Buddha statue is a standing statue of the Buddha near Kekirawa in North Central Sri- Lanka. Aukana Buddha Statue is carved alone the proportion Sirasapata. This is a pure rock statue in” Asisa Mudra” or the posture of blessing. 446 likes · 5,425 were here. Avukana’s ancient name is unknown and so is the king who made its fine statue. 36 meters, is the tallest ancient Buddha statue in Sri Lanka. Located 50 km (30 miles) from Mihintale, it is an architectural marvel of the ancient Sinhalese. See the ancient rock fortress from the kingdom of Yapahuwa. Avukana Buddha Statue (Large) රු 2,500. , about a century before Socrates. Following the destruction of similar but much larger statues at Bamiyan in Afghanistan, the Aukana Buddha has gained even greater significance in the Buddhist World. Avukana standing Buddha statue, Sri Lanka under blue sky. Rajanima statuses consist of the statues of Lord Buddha and Hindu Gods. The village Avukana (Aukana) is located near Kekirawa a town in the North Central Province of the Island. It is also stands as the tallest Buddha statue of the country. He was born as a prince or son of a leader of Shakya Wanse or The Avukana Buddha statue and inset, the Bamiyan Buddha statue Bactrian images of the Buddha in the Bamiyan region in Afghanistan Prof. Written by Jonathan Roelofsz for Travel Lanka Compass Poson full-moon poya day (Poson Poya Day/Poson Festival) is celebrated the arrival of Buddhism in Sri Lanka in the 3rd century BC, a fest Oct 30, 2012- The Avukana statue is a standing statue of the Buddha near Kekirawa in North Central Sri Lanka. The Buddha image stands on a Lotus flower pedestal which has been carved separately and placed under the statue. Legend has it that the statue resulted from the competition between a master and a pupil about who could finish their rock-hewn standing Buddha first (the other standing Buddha is located at Reswehera, another great day-trip stop). Ras Vehera has its derivation that the patriarch Bo tree standing there had originated from a sapling that was brought from the Sri Maha Bodhiya in Anuradhapura. The history of Sri Lankan statues is often mingled with Buddhism and Buddhist Philosophy. This 40 feet high statue was carved out in massive granite rock during the 5th century, reflecting the mixture of Gandhara and Amaravati school art. The posture of the statue Aukana Buddha statue in Asisa Mudra or the “posture of blessing” is carved out of a rock boulder. HoTop part of Avukana statue is standing statue of Buddha. Sri Lanka’s newest Buddhist statue is based on the famous Avukana Buddha Statue situated in the ancient city of Anuradhapura, an ancient monument that was built sometime in the 5th century. Unique one-of-a-kind art pieces. So take a stroll at your own leisure to get a feel of why this place attracts tourist from all over the world. Our ancient sculptures in stone in the form of Buddha statues, sluices, guard stones, pillars and other such artifacts are over 2000 years old The Avukana Buddha statue is almost 12 metres high and is carved out from a granite cliff. The Aukana Buddha statue measures 3 metres (10 feet) across the shoulders and is 11. Avukana Buddha statue At twelve metres high with a delicately carved closely worn robe, this statue of Buddha is generally accepted to be one of Sri Lanka’s finest. The 135-feet tall Buddha Statue, similar to the Avukana Along with the Buddha statues of Avukana and Buduruvagala, the Maligawila Buddha statue is considered one of the best examples of the standing image of the Buddha from ancient Sri Lanka. It is close to the Kala Wewa reservoir, and is positioned facing it. Statues. The statue now serves as a tourist magnet in Sri Lanka. standing statue of the Buddha. Statuia Avukana este o statuie în picioare a lui Buddha, situată lângă Kekirawa, în Provincia Central Nordică din Sri Lanka. The Avukana statue is a standing statue of the Buddha near Kekirawa in North Central Sri Lanka. Perera traces may have been a veritable source of inspiration to the early artists who crossed the Kabul valley which linked the Southern branch of the Great Northern Highway referred to in the early Buddhist and Indian texts as “Uttarapada” – the trade Top Sri Lanka Monuments & Statues: See reviews and photos of monuments & statues in Sri Lanka, Asia on TripAdvisor. There are 4 ways to get from Avukana Buddha statue to Kanyakumari by taxi, plane, train or bus. It is the tallest free-standing ancient statue of the Buddha found in the country. Avukana Buddha’s Statue On the way back from Anuradhapura, we are proceeding to see the unbelievable artful craftsmanship of making Buddha’s Statue out Avukana Buddha, Kekirawa, Sri Lanka The Avukana Buddha, carved in granite, stands over 40 feet tall. The statue is not far from the village of Avukana, from which it takes its name. Avukana Buddha statue, which has a height of more than 40 feet, was carved out of a large granite rock face during the 5th century. The 13 meters (38 feet 10) high statue is carved out of solid granite and dates back to the reign of King Dhatusena in the 5th century. This article falls within the scope of WikiProject Buddhism, an attempt to promote better coordination, content distribution, The Aukana Buddha Statue is best known for its spectacular craftsmanship, from the Buddha’s head to the Buddha’s feet, the statue boasts of intricate attention to detail, especially when looking at the unique position of the ‘Asisa Mudra’ or posture of blessing, along with the drapery and proportionality of the features of the Buddha. It is one of the 5 colossal statues of the Buddha found in Sri Lanaka. 109 reviews This memorable tour takes you to see some of the historic highlights of Sri Lanka